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Knowledge products
5 publications
Under-5 mortality in India: Declining Trend, Regional Inequalities and SDGs
Rajesh Raushan
The study investigated progress in under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) at national and sub-national level in India. The article also provides evidence of country’s progress towards achieving SDG targets 3.2 related to U5MR achievements and required pace post-2020 to achieve the fixed target by 2030. Using the five consecutive rounds of NFHS data, study estimated U5MR at the national and sub-national levels and calculated economic inequality-adjusted under-five mortality rates (IU5MR). The study further assessed state specific gap in U5MR with respect to country level estimates along with the required annual rate of reduction to achieve SDG 3.2. The findings reveal that despite all the progress made in U5MR reduction till the date, regional and socioeconomic disparities remain a significant concern suggesting need for more localized policy responses to ensure equitable progress in reducing U5MR at sub-national level in the country. The study contributes to deeper insights on high burden of U5MR and suggests ways for future interventions to achieve SDG target with focus on reducing NMR and prioritizing poorest strata across the regions and states with minimizing inequality to achieve equitable health outcomes in India.
Nutritional Inequality and Persisting Social Gradients: Evidence from NFHS
Rajesh Raushan
India has experienced substantial improvements in child nutrition over the long term, but national averages conceal pronounced district-level and social inequalities. Earlier NFHS based research documented a decline in stunting from about 54 percent in 1992-93 to 38 percent in 2015-16 which further declined and reached to 29 percent during 2023-24, latest round of NFHS-6 revealed. Whereas wasted children remained concentrated around 19 percent between 2005/06 and 2023/24. Still only one-fifth of 6-23 months children receiving adequate diet, although it progressed from 9 percent (2019/21). Notably, evidences of regional and socio-economic inequality persist. The high prevalence is particularly evident in parts of eastern and central India. The SC and ST children still bear high burden of malnutrition. The regions having poor outcomes on one indicator are linked with deteriorated outcomes on the other indicators extracted on factor loadings on selected health, nutrition and socio-economic and locational factors. Taken together, these findings suggest that India's nutrition challenge is not simply one of average prevalence, but of where children live and the social circumstances in which they grow. Analysis provides district level disparities have narrowed over time and whether improvements have been equally distributed across wealth groups, caste/social groups, maternal education and rural-urban populations. Such evidence can help identify persistent nutrition hotspots and socially disadvantaged populations, providing a stronger basis for geographically targeted and equity led nutrition interventions.
Measuring State Readiness: What Composite Indices Hide
Sample Author, Sample Co-Author
Sample abstract. Shows how weighting and normalisation choices can reorder a state ranking without changing any underlying indicator, and proposes a sensitivity reporting standard for published indices.
UCEED Annual Report
UCEED
Sample abstract. A record of the Centre's research, advisory engagements, capacity-building activity, and partnerships over the year.
Livelihood Resilience in Fragile Himalayan Ecosystems
Sample Author
Sample abstract. Examines how households in high-altitude districts absorb climate and market shocks, drawing on primary fieldwork alongside administrative data.